Liquid fuel burner



R. W. DE LANCEY LIQUID FUEL BURNER July 21, 1942.

Filed Oct. 18, 1959 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Ra l wh W. Delancey ATTORN EY Federated Sui 23, E942 LIQU FUEL BURNER Ralph W. De Lancer, Mei-idem, Comp, assignor to The "er Company, Meriden, Conn, a corporation of Connecticut Application Qctober 18,1939, Serial No. 299,943

8 Claims.

The present invention relates to liquid fuel burners, and is more particularly directed toward power operated pot type oil burners.

The present invention contemplates power op- In the arrangement shown in Figures 1 and 2 the burner is shown as being supported from a ring it! or other suitable support in the fire box. These supports receive a burner supporting ring erated pot type oil burners designed for inexc H which may be secured to the burner in any pensive manufacture, ease of assembly and of convenient manner, as, for example, by the disassembly, so that the parts may be cleaned screws indicated at E2.

and/or replaced as occasion requires with a The, burner has an outer sheet metal casing i i of dificulty, it, here shown as including a cylindrical mem- According to the present invention the burner 10 her Mia and a shallow stamping H31), these has an outer casing which may .be suitably fixed in the fire box, and this casing is adapted to receive from the top a unitary assemblage of supporting ring, fuel receiving trough, perforated cylinder, and central air distributor This unit may also include a baffle plate below the trough and above the blower.

. The invention also contemplates in the preferred form of construction that the blower in-' cludi'ng electric motor and impeller fan will be in the form of a complete preassembled unit which is secured to the casing so as to be downwardly removable.

Certain features shown herein and relating to flame propagation and air distribution are shownand claimed in my copending application Serial No. 377,613 filed February 6, 1941.

Other and further objects will appear as the description proceeds.

The accompanying drawings show, for purposes of illustrating the present invention, several of the many embodiments in which the invention may take form, it being understood that the drawings are illustrative of the inven tion rather than limiting the same.

In these drawings:

Figure l is a vertical sectional view through a power operated pot type burner;

Figure la is a fragmentary view of a on line Ear-la of Figure 1;

Figure 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of the structure of Figure 1 showing in addition, a bafiie;

Figures 3', 4 and 5 are vertical sectional views through modified forms of burner;

Figure 6 is a top plan view of the form of condetail s'truction of Figure 5, with parts broken away;

Figure 7 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the shape of the flame;

Figure 8 illustrates a modified form of outer deflector ring;

Figure 9 is a vertical sectional view through a modification of the structure of Figure 5; and

Figure 10 is a top plan view of the vaporizer of Figure 9.

parts being spot welded at E30. A ring it rests on top of the casing 13 and may be held in place by screws indicated at it. Bolts l6 extend down through the ring it as indicated, and support the internal parts tobe described. These bolts pass through the flange ll of a stamping or casting i8 shaped to provide an annular fuel receiving trough i9 and act as a vaporizer. This trough is stepped as indicated at 2B, and a sheet metal cylinder ii is fitted between stamping l8 and the ring it as will be obvious, the joints (where a sheet metal trough is used) being sealed by black asbestos cement as indicated-at Zia. The cylinder 2| is provided with'comparatively large widely spaced holes 2| in its upper part and smaller niore closely spaced holes 2|" in its lower part; A vapor baflle' 30 (shown in Figure 2) may be placed in the bottom of the trough IS.

The bolts It extend down through spacers 22 and through a baflle plate 23. Nuts 24 on the bolts l6 secure the baflie plate and spacers, trough, perforated member and ring,together.

The battle plate 23 carries a number of downwardly depending fins 25. The upper inner edge iii of the trough supports a central air distributor 26 preferably made of cast iron and having holes as indicated at 21, 28, and an upper flame spreader stamping indicated at 29.

The vaporizer I8 is connected to a coupling member or bushing t! placed opposite an opening 32 in the casing so as to receive a cooperative coupling member 33. A tube 36 passes through a hole in the fiange l1 and is threaded into the coupling 8!? to provide an air supply in the inlet passage;

The bottom stamping i311 of the casing is provided with a, comparatively large bottom opening slotted and oflset, as indicated at 36, to form part of a bayonet joint connection. The stamping |3b also carries three posts 81. These posts receive springs 38 which press downwardly on a pressure plate or cup 39 whose peripheral portion 40 is curved and brought adjacent the outer part of the casing to direct the air stream u up and reduce air leakage.

tral opening 44.

This pressure plate has a central opening indicated at 4|.

An electric motor 42 is secured to the lower face of a mounting plate 43, which has a cen- The shaft 45 for the motor extends through this opening and carries an impeller or blower 48. The plate 43 has outwardly extending lugs 41 adapted to enter the slots 38 after the fashion of a bayonet joint so as to lock the plate and parts carried thereby in place, the pressure plate acting to hold them securely. The plate 43 has downwardly bent projections 48 to receive a cup shaped cover member 49 having an air inlet opening 50 and carrying the wiring connections 5|. Various other forms of motor, fan and housing assem blies can be used.

When the parts are assembled, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, oil will be admitted through the fuel supply line and run into the trough at the rate determined by the metering valve in the fuel supply line. Air willbe drawn in by the motor operated fan or blower and distributed about the periphery of the baffle plate 23 to build up a positive pressure above the baflle plate, this pressure being substantially uniform throughout. Some of the air will pass up by the edge of the flange ll of the trough forming stamping, and this air will be forced inwardly through the openings2l' and 2|" in the cylinder 2|. Some of the air passes up into the central air distributor and through the holes 21 and 28 as plate 82 is secured to the support 80 by bolts 83 and its level is adjusted by screws 84. The bottom casing part 82 supports a blower motor and fan which may be the same as that shown in Figure l, and for convenience the same reference characters are applied. The upper casing part 8| supports a ring 85 similar to the ring l4, and this ring is assembled with a perforated cylinder 88, an annular fuel receiving trough 81, bolts 88, spacers 89, and a bailie plate 90 in the same manner as above described.

vaporizing trough 81 is here shown in the form of a casting and is'provided with a well 9| slightly below the general level of the trough and adapted to receive fuel required for the low flame. A small asbestos pad 92 is placed in this well. The vaporizer casting 81 is connected to a fuel supply line comprising a nipple 93,. a Y-connection 94 and a pipe line 95 leading to the constant level value. The Y-coupling 94 is connected to a tube 98 which extends through an opening in theouter casing wall 8|. The inner wall 81 of the trough supports the central air distributor which is here shown in the form of two annular elements 91, 98 and a car ,99. The element 91 has holes, indicated at I00, for directing air downwardly across the fuel receiving trough and holes |0| for directing the air upwardly. The cap 99 is spaced from the upper end of the member 98 to provide an air passage I02 as indicated. The ring 85 supports a ring indicated. The lower openings 2|" and 21 will cause flame to play on the fuel surface and vaporizing bottom so as to maintain combustion at a low level and consume residues. The air blown out through the upper holes 2| and 28 engages the rising flame and assists in burning the fuel gases. In the form here shown the flame spreader 29 directs the flame out to produce a wide fiat flame suitable for use in certain forms of apparatus.

The flame spreader, as well as the central air distributor 2B, and the loose upper ring 52 may be readily removed. When the screws. l5 and the coupling 33 are removed, all the upper parts of the device can be readily lifted up, inspected, repaired, if necessary, and then replaced. The entire motor blower unit can also be removed complete and replaced whenever necessary.

The arrangement shown in Figure 3 is similar to that shown in Figure 1, except that the perforated cylinder 2|| is shorter and the step 20| where it fits the stamping I8 is higher, and a different form of centralair distributor 28 and flame spreader 29' is employed.

In the arrangement shown in Figure 4 the entire casing 60 is a single sheet metal stamping. The ring 8| is a stamping adapted to fit the top of the stamping 80. The trough forming stamping 62 issecured to the ring 6| by bolts and spacers indicated at 83 and 64. The baffle plate 65 is secured to the stamping 62 by bolts and spacers 66 and 61. The central cylinder 88 is of slightly different construction and has openings 69 at the top below the flame spreader 89. The motor 10 is secured to a plate H which in turn is secured to the stamping 80. The fan 12 is secured to the motor shaft 13 before the upper assemblage is lowered down into the casing 60.

In the construction shown in Figures 5 and 6 the burner is supported from underneath by a ring 80. The burner has an outer sheet metal casing 8| formed of two stampings in a manner similar to that shown in Figure 1. A bottom N13 which extends over close to the outer edge of the cap 99 and also downwardly opposite the perforations in the upper part of the member of the cylinder 86.

In its general mode of operation the device of Figures 5 and 6 is the same as that of Figure 1. It, however, has certain additional features which will now be mentioned. Oil flows in to the well 9| and wets the asbestos pad so that it is easy to start the burner into operation. After the burner has been operated for some time the presence of the asbestos pad is of little importance as it becomes easier to ignite the fuel in a burner which has been operated previously. In order to sweep away any carbon or other deposit when the burner is operating, air is passing through the tube 96 and enters through the well 9| toproduce an oxidizing flame. Should any carbon form while the pilot flame is burning it will be consumed and eliminated when the burner goesto high flame.

By having the ring I03 extend down opposite the upper part of the perforated cylinder, fresh air is projected downwardly and inwardly, as shown by the arrow at the left of Figure 5. This air is very hot because of the high temperature of the ring I03. The air which blows through the openings I02 is directed downwardly and outwardly and is also very hot on account of the high temperature of the cap 99. This hot air blowing down into the combustion zone thoroughly agitates the flame and brings fresh air into contact with any unconsumed gases so that there is little likelihood of smoke or soot formation. With the arrangement shown in Figure 5 the flame is confined in a narrow comparatively high region above the burner, as indicated in Figure 7.

Where it is desired to have the flame spread mor widely, as, for example, while using the burner under hot water heaters or in cook-stoves, one could use a ring I03 such as shown in Figure 8. I

In the arrangement shown in Figure 9 the burner is generally the same as that shown in engages the top flange I01 of the vaporizer I05.

The vaporizer has an oil receiving well I08 provided with fins I06. to form sockets for pads I08" of asbestos or rock wool. It is supplied with oil from a pipe I09'into which air is introduced by a centrally disposed tube 0. This well holds oil for the pilot flame and when more oil is supplied it overflows into the trough formed by the vaporizer casting I05. The inner portion III of the trough has a small radius of curvature in vertical planes so that only a small quantity of oil is required to form a pool all the way around the riser H2. The bottom of the vaporizer beyond this portion is substantially conical as indicated at II3 to form a large area for the pool of oil beyond this the surface sweeps upwardly and outwardly in a gentle curve as indicated at H4. At the outer edge of the pool of oil the oil depth is so small that there is no substantial mass of oil to provide residues.

The air passes down through the holes I and sweeps across the top of the pool of oil. Combustion starts over the inner part of the oil pool 30 and continues as the air radiates outwardly. By the time it has reached the edge of the pool it is hot enough to vaporize all the oil and the oil vapors and air sweep up past the holes in the cylinder I06 where more air is supplied.

The arrangement just described has been found to be of particular advantage in the larger sized burners in that'there is a minimum formation of residues after long operation of the burner. The residues normally experienced in burning No. 2 fuel oil in pot type burners is minimized in this construction, as the residues appear to be swept oil the bottom of the well and consumed by the air currents sweeping over the surfaces. In the larger sized burners the ring I03 of Figure is 45 sometimes omitted, as indicated in Figure 9. This facilitates the radiation of heat from the flame above the burner down into the vaporizer.

While the drawings herein show complete units wherein the fuel consuming and air distributing parts are combined with a blower, it is obvious that a remote source of forced draft may be employed. a

I It is obvious that the invention may be embodied in many forms and constructions within the scope of the claims and I wish it to I". understood that the particular forms shown are but a few of the many forms. Various modifications and changes being possible, I do not otherwise limit myself in any way with respect thereto. 60

What is claimed is:

1. In a liquid fuel burner, a cup shaped casing having a bottom opening of substantially smaller diameter than the casing, an annular ring supported on the top of the casing, an annular fuel receiving trough disposed below the ring, a perforated cylinder spaced from the casing wall and extending between the trough and the ring, a baflle plate disposed within the casing below the trough, a central air distributor supported on the 70 trough, and means coupling the trough, the plate,

and ring together so that they with the cylinder and distributor can be removed or replaced as a unit.

2. A liquid fuel burner such as claimed in claim 1, having a motorized blower unit detachably secured to the casing below the bailleplate.

' 3. In a liquid fuel burner, an outer casing having a wide'flange at the bottom to providev a small opening, an electric motor below the casing, a

blower above the opening for drawing air in through the opening and discharging it radially, Q

a ring secured to the top of the casing, an annular fuel receiving trough supported from the ring, an annular perforated wall inside the casing and extending from the ring to the trough and through which a part of the air for combustion passes, a fuel supply inlet leading to the trough,

a central air distributor supported from the oil receiving trough, and extending up through the opening in the ring, and a horizontal fixedly se cured plate below the trough .and.- above the blower and flange, the plate having its edge spaced from the casing wall and having downwardly extending radial fins spaced uniformly about the periphery 'of the plate whereby the air is blown outwardly against the casing 1 walls so as to pass upwardly along said walls and inwardly under the trough to feed air to the central air distributor.

4. A liquidfuel burner as in claim 3, wherein the motor and blower are in the form of a unit fdetachably connected to the casing, the blower substantially smaller than the diameter of the casing, an electric motor external of the casing, a motor operated blade-type blowerin the casing above the opening and of less diameter than the opening so that it can be passed therethroughwhereby. the unit comprising the motor candblower may be detached as a unit for inspection or replacement, and a fixed baffle plate above the blower and having its edge spaced from the casing wall, and downwardly extending radial fins which distribute the air about the periphery of the plate. 6. In combination in a pot type liquidfuel burner having an outer casing with a notched bottom opening substantially smaller than the diameter of the casing, an apertured closure plate having a bayonet slot connection with the notched casing opening, a motor secured to the lower side of the plate, a blower onthe motor shaft above the closure plate and adapted to pass' through the opening in the casing whereby the unit comprising the motor and blower may be detached as a unit for inspection or replacement, and a fixed baflle plate above the blower and spaced from the casing wall .to permit air tov pass upwardly,

and downwardly extending radial fins which distribute the air about the periphery of the plate.

7. The combination of claimG, having a spring actuated pressure plate for holding the closure plate inposition.

8. The combination of claim 6, having a spring actuated presser plate for holding the closure.

plate in position, the periphery of the presser plate extending out adjacent the chamber walls to direct air upwardly.

RALPH W. DE LANCEY. f 

